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项目介绍 |
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项目名称：大城市交通拥堵瓶颈的基础科学问题研究
项目编号：2006CB705500
项目领域：综合交叉
第一承担单位：北京交通大学
开始日期：2006-09-01
预计完成日期：2011-08-31
概述：
城市交通系统是承载人类活动的基本构件之一，是城市繁荣、有序和高速发展的主要支撑条件。然而，现代城市在快速发展过程中遇到了日益严重的交通问题，严重影响着城市的经济建设和运转效率，给人们的工作和生活带来了种种不便与损害，已经成为制约城市可持续发展的主要瓶颈。交通拥堵、交通安全、交通环境污染、交通能耗等问题已引起社会各界的广泛关注。
交通拥堵是一系列城市交通问题的突出表现，缓解和预防交通拥堵是我国城市发展的当务之急，关系到我国城市的可持续发展。城市交通拥堵的产生有深层次的原因，治理拥堵的关键在于全面深入地研究城市交通需求和交通流的形成机理，探明各类交通瓶颈的生成和传播过程，寻找交通拥堵的内在根源并揭示其演化规律，认识未来城市交通需求和交通网络的演化趋势，为制定科学的城市交通规划、建立先进的智能化城市交通系统和发展有效的交通管理控制策略和技术奠定坚实的理论基础。
本项目的基本学术思路是：紧密结合我国的国情及大城市的发展状况，研究大城市交通拥堵瓶颈的基础科学问题。在对道路与路网交通拥堵的形成机理与传播特性进行深入研究与分析的基础上，提出缓解当前城市普遍存在的交通拥堵的组织优化与控制技术；在对大城市交通系统的时空复杂性与结构瓶颈演化深入研究与剖析的基础上，认识未来城市交通网络的演化趋势，提出预防城市交通拥堵发生的理论和方法。
拟解决的关键科学问题是：1）城市交通需求生成机理与瓶颈识别；2）城市道路交通流的非线性动力学特征；3）路网交通拥堵的形成机理与传播特性；4）城市交通系统的时空复杂性与结构瓶颈演化。
围绕上述关键科学问题，设置以下七个密切关联的课题：
（1）城市交通需求生成机理与瓶颈识别；
（2）道路交通流的非线性动力学特性；
（3）路网交通拥堵的形成机理与传播特性;
（4）城市交通系统的时空复杂性与结构瓶颈演化;
（5）城市交通系统的组织优化与控制；
（6）城市交通信息融合、集成与计算实验；
（7）典型大城市交通疏堵问题的综合实证研究。
本项目的总体目标和预期贡献是：建立适合我国城市环境的现代交通流理论，揭示城市交通系统运行机理和演化规律，确定缓解与预防大城市交通拥堵的组织、管理和综合控制措施，研制城市交通优化研究验证平台和实用软件，结合国情，提出并实践改进我国城市交通系统运行行为的方案，总结形成可推广的经验，实现交通科学与交通工程协调发展为目的，获得一批国际水平的学术成果，培养一批高素质的复合型研究人才，形成一支具有国际水准的交通科学理论研究队伍，提升我国交通领域基础研究的原始创新能力，从而可以从容面对未来经济持续发展所带来的城市交通问题。
The urban transportation system, as one of essentials of supporting human activities, makes great contribution to the orderly and rapid development of cities. However, most modern cities now are facing serious traffic problems during their advancing processes, which largely affect the economy construction and operation efficiency. This brings various inconveniences and damages to people’s lives and work, and has become the main bottleneck hindering the sustainable development of our cities. Such problems associated with backward transportation systems as traffic congestion, traffic safety and increases in environment pollution and energy consumption, have attracted the attention of various circles in the whole society.
A series of urban traffic problems are typically characterized by traffic congestion. Therefore, alleviating and preventing traffic congestion is an urgent and important task for the sustainable development of Chinese cities. The mechanism underlying the traffic congestion is quite complicated, but the crucial point for finally resolving it depends on our comprehensively studying the travel demands and traffic flow dynamics, thereby exploring the generation and propagation process of different kinds of traffic bottlenecks, finding the origin of traffic congestion, and disclosing its evolution rules. All these together with gaining deeper insights into the evolution tendencies of traffic demands and urban transportation networks constitute the theoretical basis for making scientific transportation planning, constructing advanced intelligent transportation system, adopting efficient traffic control and management strategies and measures.
The essential academic idea of running the current project can be outlined as follows. Based on meticulous examination and overview of Chinese special situations and urban traffic conditions, the fundamental science issues associated with traffic congestion bottlenecks existing in large cities will be carefully studied. Through deeply investigating and analyzing the formation mechanism and propagation characteristics of traffic jams/congestion on networks and roads, various methods and technologies will be developed to optimize and control the transportation systems and then to reduce traffic congestion. By completely exploring the complex spatial-temporal properties of large size transportation systems and the evolution processes of traffic bottlenecks, the forward tendencies of urban transportation networks will be clearly understood, and then appropriate theories and methods will be proposed to prevent and alleviate the city traffic congestion.
The key scientific issues to be solved in this project are as follows: 1) The patterns of generating urban traffic demands and the methods of identifying traffic bottlenecks in networks; 2) The nonlinear dynamical characteristics of urban road flow; 3) The formation and propagation of network traffic congestion; 4) The complexity of spatial-temporal evolution of urban transportation systems and the structural bottlenecks.
Subject to the key scientific issues mentioned above, the following seven sub-projects are to be set:
(1)The mechanism of generating urban traffic demands and the methods of identifying congestion bottlenecks in networks
(2)The nonlinear dynamical characteristics of urban road traffic flow
(3)The mechanism of forming network traffic congestion and the propagation characteristics of the congestion
(4)The complexity of spatial-temporal evolution of urban transportation systems and the structural bottlenecks in the systems
(5)Optimization measures for organizing and controlling urban transportation systems
(6)Mergence and integration of various traffic information and the computational experiments
(7)Empirical studies for alleviating traffic congestion in typical cities.
The overall goal and expected contributions achieved in this projects are to establish the advanced traffic flow theories suitable for Chinese conditions, disclose the running mechanism and evolution rules of urban transportation systems, find the efficient measures of organizing, managing and controlling the systems for alleviating traffic congestion, develop the verification platform and practical software for carrying out urban traffic optimization researches, and finally propose acceptable alternatives and apply them into reality for improving Chinese urban transportation systems. The extendable experiences obtained from this project will be summarized for further studies. The cooperative development of traffic science and traffic engineering is adhered in this project. International-leveled research results, together with trained high-qualified research teams and professionals, are expected. Our country’s capability of doing creative researches in the field of traffic science will be enhanced. All of these will certainly strengthen the capability of our country in self-confidently coping with the urban traffic problems encountered in future.
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